美关税斗法戏剧性反转：上诉法院暂停国际贸易法院阻止关税的裁决
更新时间：2025-05-30 07:18 浏览量：1
据美国有线电视新闻网2025年5月29日（星期四）报道，一家联邦上诉法院于周三晚间暂停了国际贸易法院阻止唐纳德・特朗普总统关税的裁决。
国际贸易法院周三裁定，特朗普无权根据《国际紧急经济权力法》征收全面关税。值得注意的是，美国国际贸易法院法官阻止了特朗普根据《国际紧急经济权力法》援引的所有关税，包括特朗普4月2日宣布的“解放日”关税，以及今年早些时候针对中国、墨西哥和加拿大征收的所谓旨在打击芬太尼流入美国的关税。但不包括特朗普政府根据另一项法律《贸易扩展法》第232条对汽车、汽车零部件、钢铁或铝征收的25%关税。
美国国际贸易法院在一份意见中对两起独立案件作出了一致的简易判决。一起是4月由自由正义中心（一个代表葡萄酒销售商VOS Selections和其他四家小企业的自由意志主义法律倡导组织）提起的诉讼。另一起是由12个民主党州就关税问题对政府提起的诉讼。法院还命令政府在10个日历日内取消相关关税。
在国际贸易法院作出裁定数小时后，特朗普政府就对裁决提出上诉。周四，政府还威胁称，如果上诉法院或美国国际贸易法院不批准暂停裁决，将把案件提交最高法院。
特朗普总统的首席贸易顾问彼得・纳瓦罗告诉记者，尽管暂停裁决并不意外，但政府正在寻求“所有战略选择，至少在未来一两天内，我们将听取美国贸易代表关于如何应对这一切的意见。我们将有力回应，我们认为在这方面我们有很充分的理由。”纳瓦罗暗示，除了通过法院上诉外，政府还在考虑采取其他的征收关税工具。
白宫新闻秘书指责国际贸易法院法官
在周四下午早些时候举行的的新闻发布会上，白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳・莱维特指责国际贸易法院的裁决，称这个三人法官小组为“激进法官”，尽管其中一名法官是特朗普在第一任期内任命。她说，国际贸易法院的裁决是在“厚颜无耻地滥用司法权力，篡夺特朗普的权威”。
在政府的压力下，美国联邦巡回上诉法院在周四下午晚些时候批准了暂停裁决，从而又恢复了特朗普今年早些时候宣布的利用紧急权力征收关税的能力，并命令双方于下月初提交阻止特朗普关税的书面辩论意见，要求原告应于6月5日作出回应，政府于6月9日作出答复。
代表几家公司起诉特朗普政府要求停止关税的自由正义中心周四在一份声明中表示，上诉法院的决定“只是法院在考虑政府提出的在上诉期间延长暂停请求时的一个程序性步骤”。该中心高级顾问杰弗里・施瓦布在声明中说：“我们相信，联邦巡回法院此后不久将最终驳回政府的动议，因为法院认识到这些关税对我们的客户造成了无法弥补的损害。”
美国法院的两项裁决：先是停止关税，然后是在24小时内暂停停止关税的裁决，使围绕特朗普关税政府的斗法充满戏剧性，更加加剧了围绕特朗普关税的混乱和不确定性。
同样在周四，在另一起诉讼中，美国地方法院法官鲁道夫・孔特雷拉斯裁定，特朗普的关税将对两家美国家族玩具公司Learning Resources和hand2mind造成无法弥补的损害，且特朗普援引的《国际紧急经济权力法》未包含关税条款。因而发布了保护这两家公司的初步禁令，但考虑到政府会上诉，法因而将其其禁令暂停两周后执行。特朗普政府同样迅速地将孔特雷拉斯的裁决上诉至美国哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院。
Appeals court pauses ruling that blocked Trump’s tariffs. By Dan Berman and Ramishah Maruf, CNN. Thu May 29, 2025
A federal appeals court has paused Wednesday night’s ruling from the Court of International Trade that blocked President Donald Trump’s tariffs.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit’s ruling restores Trump’s ability to levy tariffs using the emergency powers he declared earlier this year. The appeals court also ordered that both sides provide written arguments on the question of the blocking of Trump’s tariffs, to be filed by early next month.
The pause adds to the confusion and uncertainty swirling around Trump’s tariffs, which have been a key pillar of his economic policy.
The Court of International Trade ruled Wednesday that Trump did not have the authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to impose sweeping tariffs.
The Trump administration immediately appealed the decision, setting the course for a legal battle over the economic policy that Trump promises will re-focus the American economy on manufacturing but that could raise prices for small businesses and consumers.
Peter Navarro, President Donald Trump’s top trade adviser, told reporters that while the pause was not a surprise, the administration is pursuing “all strategic options.”
“We will hear, within the next day or two, at a minimum, from the United States Trade Representative on how we will respond to all of this. We will respond forcefully, and we think we have a very good case with respect to this,” Navarro added.
Navarro suggested that the administration is looking at its other tools to impose tariffs, in addition to appealing the case through the courts.
“I can assure the American people that the Trump tariff agenda is alive, well, healthy and will be implemented to protect you, to save your jobs and your factories and to stop shipping foreign wealth, our wealth, into foreign hands,” he said.
The Liberty Justice Center, which represented several companies suing to stop the tariffs, said in a statement Thursday that the decision by the appeals court “is merely a procedural step as the court considers the government’s request for a longer stay pending appeal.”
“We are confident the Federal Circuit will ultimately deny the government’s motion shortly thereafter, recognizing the irreparable harm these tariffs inflict on our clients,” Jeffrey Schwab, senior counsel at Liberty Justice Center said in the statement.
A whirlwind of decisions
The two rulings – halting the tariffs, then staying that decision – came in under 24 hours, a whirlwind that adds to the chaos around Trump’s economic policy.
On Wednesday evening, the USCIT judges blocked all tariffs invoked under IEEPA – the “Liberation Day” tariffs Trump announced on April 2 and also the tariffs placed earlier this year against China, Mexico and Canada, designed to combat fentanyl coming into the United States. Notably, the order does not include the 25% tariffs on autos, auto parts, steel or aluminum, which were under a different law, Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act.
USCIT unanimously came to a summary judgement on two separate cases in one opinion. One was a lawsuit was filed in April by the Liberty Justice Center, a libertarian legal advocacy group representing wine-seller VOS Selections and four other small businesses. The other was filed by twelve Democratic states brought against the government over tariffs. The court also ordered a window of 10 calendar days for the administration to roll back the tariffs in question.
The Trump administration appealed that same day, just hours after the decision. On Thursday, the administration threatened to take the case to the Supreme Court if it was not granted a stay by either the appeals court or the USCIT.
And at a press briefing early Thursday afternoon, White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt lambased the CIT’s decision, calling the three-judge panel “activist judges,” though it includes a judge appointed by Trump during his first term. The CIT’s ruling, she said, was an effort to “brazenly (abuse) their judicial power to usurp Trump’s authority.”
The appeals court granted the stay later on Thursday afternoon, setting a deadline of June 5 for the plaintiffs to respond and June 9 for the government to reply.
Also on Thursday, in a separate lawsuit, US District Court Judge Rudolph Contreras ruled that two American family-owned toy companies, Learning Resources and hand2mind, would be irreparably harmed by Trump’s tariffs, and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act that Trump cited contains no provision for tariffs.
While Contreras issued a preliminary injunction protecting the two companies, the judge paused it for two weeks, expecting an appeal. The Trump administration has quickly appealed Contreras’ ruling to the US DC Circuit Court of Appeals.